Life Processes Part - 02 (English)

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 Nutrition in Plants



 Like all living organisms, green trees also require energy to perform their metabolic activities.  Animals may move from one place to another in search of food, but the plants remain stationary at one place and make their own food.  Plants are autotrophic, they make their own food through photosynthesis.


 








 The process by which green tree plants make their food with the help of carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight with the help of chlorophyll is called photosynthesis.  Oxygen gas is released during this process.



 6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2



 For photosynthesis, carbon dioxide gas enters the leaves through micro stoma stomata present in the leaves.  Water is absorbed from the ground by roots.  Sunlight provides the necessary chemical energy.  And chlorophyll is the site of food production in leaves.



 Food made by the leaves is made as simple sugars glucose.  After using it for energy, the amount of glucose left is stored in various parts of the plant in the form of starch.



 The following three steps in the process of photosynthesis are-


 1- Absorption of energy of sunlight by chlorophyll.


 2- The conversion of light energy into chemical energy, and the dissolution of a water molecule into hydrogen and oxygen.


 3- Formation of carbohydrates like glucose by reduction of carbon dioxide by hydrogen.




 Conditions required for photosynthesis


 Photosynthesis requires the following conditions:


 1- Sunlight or Sunlight


 2- Chlorophyll


 3- Carbon Dioxide


 4- Water


 All these necessary conditions are also for autotrophic nutrition.



 







 Raw Materials for Photosynthesis



 The process of photosynthesis mainly requires two substances,


 1- Carbon Dioxide


 2- Water



 1- How plants get carbon dioxide-


 On the surface of the leaves of plants there are microscopic stomata or holes called stomata.  Carbon dioxide gas enters the leaves through these holes.  Opening and closing of holes is controlled by guard cells.  When the amount of water in the guard cells increases, the holes open, and the gas enters.  And when the amount of water in the guard cells decreases, the gate is closed.



 2- How plants get water -


 Water is absorbed from the ground by roots, which through the process of osmosis reaches the green part of the leaves through the xylem.  Apart from this, elements like nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, iron etc. are also absorbed from the ground by the roots along with water.





 Place of photosynthesis



 The process of photosynthesis takes place in the foliage present in the leaves of plants, also called chlorophyll.  Chlorophyll is a green fungus present in the green part of the leaves.  Its function is to provide the necessary space for the plant to make food.


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